Background
AIDS, Volume 22, Suppl. 1, July 2008, and Volume 22, Suppl. 2, August 2008.
These two supplemental issues of the journal AIDS address key HIV/AIDS-related policy issues, including resource allocation, the economic impact of HIV, and access to services.
American Journal of Public Health, Volume 96, Issue 6, June 1, 2006.
A number of articles appear in the June issue of the American Journal of Public Health entitled “SILENCE=DEATH.” The pieces take a look at HIV/AIDS 25 years after the first diagnosis of an illness that became known as AIDS.
Behrman G, The Invisible People, New York: Free Press, June 2004.
This book critiques the United States' response to HIV/AIDS since the start of the epidemic, arguing that the response thus far has been inadequate, and recommending that the U.S. take more of a leadership role in the global fight against HIV/AIDS.
Barnett T, Whiteside A, AIDS in the Twenty-First Century, Fully Revised and Updated Edition: Disease and Globalization. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, June 2006.
First published in 2003, this book examines some of the forces driving the HIV/AIDS epidemic and describes its impacts on households, communities, the economy and other sectors.
Center for Global Development, HIV/AIDS Monitor: Tracking AIDS Effectiveness.
The HIV/AIDS Monitor conducts policy analysis and outreach to support strengthening the organization, management, and delivery of external assistance to HIV/AIDS programs.
Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), HIV/AIDS Task Force and Global Health Policy Center.
The CSIS HIV/AIDS Task Force site contains publications and reports on the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, produced by a panel of public health groups, the corporate sector, Congress, the federal administration, activists, and others. The HIV/AIDS Task Force officially ended in 2008; The CSIS Global Health Policy Center builds upon the work of the Task Force, focusing on HIV/AIDS as well as other global health issues.
The Council on Foreign Relations several publications that address the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, as part of its policy research on global health, including recent reports on financing here, and here.
Farmer P, Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor. Berkeley: University of California Press, April 2003.
Considering health within a broader context of political and economic injustice, this book discusses the social forces that drive epidemic diseases like HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.
Fauci AS, 25 years of HIV, Nature, Vol 453, No 7193, May 15, 2008
Reflecting on how far we have come scientifically since isolating HIV in 1983, Anthony S. Fauci urges a renewed commitment to the far greater challenges ahead, especially that of vaccine development.
Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, The Five Year Evaluation of the Global Fund.
The Five-Year Evaluation of the Global Fund was a major effort to review the functioning and performance of the Global Fund as an institution and a partnership, and to identify areas of strength and weakness that will lead to improving operations.
Global HIV Prevention Working Group, Reports & Fact Sheets.
The Global HIV Prevention Working Group (PWG) is an international panel that seeks to inform global policymaking, program planning, and donor decisions on HIV prevention, and advocate for a comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS that integrates prevention and care. Convened in 2002 by the Gates Foundation and the Kaiser Family Foundation, the PWG has released several reports on key issues in global HIV prevention.
Health Affairs, Volume 28, Number 6, November/December 2009
This thematic issue of Health Affairs focuses on global challenges and opportunities in fighting HIV/AIDS and neglected diseases. More information on the issue is available here.
Institute of Medicine, PEPFAR Implementation: Progress and Promise, 2007.
This report serves as an evaluation required by Congress on the implementation of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) three years after the passage of the original legislation. The IOM is currently carrying out a second evaluation required by Congress in the reauthorization of PEPFAR and is in the planning stage of the evaluation now.
Kaiser Family Foundation, The Multisectoral Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic, 2007.
This report provides an overview of how HIV/AIDS has affected many sectors of society, reaching well beyond its direct human toll, and summarizes key research on the topic.
Mann J, Tarantola DJM, Netter TW. (Eds.), AIDS in the World, http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/MANAID.html Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992; Mann J, Tarantola DJM (Eds.), AIDS in the World II, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Issued in 1992 by the Global AIDS Policy Coalition, the first volume of AIDS in the World explores the impact of the pandemic from the discovery of AIDS in the early 1980s, and discusses the global response, and critical issues in the pandemic such as vulnerability. The second volume, issued in 1996, includes updated data and analyses about the state of the epidemic and the global response.
Merson M, The HIV-AIDS Pandemic at 25—The Global Response. The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 354(23):2414–2417, June 2006.
This commentary gives a history of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, including incidence, prevalence, and regions most affected by HIV/AIDS. It describes the response by policymakers and the use of resources, political power, and efforts by developed countries to address the crisis.
Montagnier L, 25 Years After HIV Discovery: Prospects for Cure and Vaccine, , 397(2), February 20, 2010.
This manuscript covers the contents of the Nobel Lecture presented at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden on December 7, 2008.
Science Magazine, Special Issue, Vol. 321, Issue 5888, July 2008.
This special issue of Science includes several articles and commentaries on HIV/AIDS including articles on funding, progress toward and challenges of microbicide and HIV vaccine research, and case studies of programs in Uganda and Botswana.
UNAIDS, Reports on the Global AIDS Epidemic and AIDS Epidemic Updates.
These reports from UNAIDS provide an overview of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, regional and country-specific HIV/AIDS data, commentary on the epidemic and the international response, and summary fact sheets and slides.
World Bank, Committing to Results: Improving the Effectiveness of HIV/AIDS Assistance, presents the results of the comprehensive evaluation of the World Bank's HIV/AIDS support to countries, from the beginning of the epidemic through mid-2004. Because the Bank's assistance is for implementation of government programs by government, it provides important insights on how national AIDS programs can be made more effective. Other World Bank reports and analysis HIV/AIDS are provided here.
Financing
aids2031, Cost & Financing Project.
The aids2031 Project is a large international initiative to explore policy actions that could be taken in the short run to reduce the impact of AIDS over the coming two and a half decades leading to 2031 – the year that will mark fifty years from the first reporting of HIV-related disease in 1981. The aids 2031 Cost & Financing project will provide new cost and financing estimates for HIV/AIDS and assess the most promising policy options.
BMC Public Health, Vol 9, Supplement 1, November 2009
This special supplement of the BMC focuses on The OptAIDS project, an effort to look at scenarios for halting the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It includes articles on resource allocation modeling, HIV prevention cost effectiveness, the impact of HIV on human development, factors influencing global HIV treatment procurement prices, and other topics.
Center for Global Development, HIV/AIDS Monitor: Tracking AIDS Effectiveness.
The HIV/AIDS Monitor conducts policy analysis and outreach to support strengthening the organization, management, and delivery of external assistance to HIV/AIDS programs.
Analyses of funding and funding mechanisms are included.
The Council on Foreign Relations several publications that address the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, as part of its policy research on global health, including recent reports on financing here and here.
Funders Concerned About AIDS (FCAA) regular analysis of U.S. philanthropic support to address HIV/AIDS. Additional information on this topic is provided here.
European HIV/AIDS Funders Group (EFG) regular analysis of European philanthropic support to address HIV/AIDS.
Feachem RGA, Sabot OJ, An Examination of the Global Fund at 5 Years. The Lancet 368:537–540, 2006
This commentary addresses the debate over funding by governments, private companies, non-governmental organizations, and other groups to combat AIDS and other diseases.
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Progress Reports.
These reports provide updates on the Global Fund’s performance and operations to date.
Health Affairs, Volume 28, Number 6, November/December 2009
This thematic issue of Health Affairs focuses on global challenges and opportunities in fighting HIV/AIDS and neglected diseases and includes articles on financing and costs. More information on the issue is available here.
JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Vol 52, Supplement 1, November 2009
This supplement of JAIDS is focused on the relationship between HIV/AIDS program scale-up and health systems.
JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Vol 52, Supplement 2, December 2009
This supplement of JAIDS focused on monitoring progress towards global HIV targets, and includes articles on financing the response, prevention, gender, and human rights.
Kaiser Family Foundation, Reports on International Assistance for HIV/AIDS and Global Health in the Developing World
These documents track funding from the G8, European Commission and other donor governments who collectively provide the bulk of international assistance for HIV/AIDS and other global heath priorities through bilateral programs and contributions to multilateral organizations, including the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.
Kaiser Family Foundation, Matrix of Major Donor Government Structures and Mechanisms for Financing the HIV/AIDS Response in Low and Middle Income Countries, July 14, 2006.
This matrix gives an overview of types of financial and other assistance that donor governments provide to address HIV/AIDS, including grants, loans, concessional loans, commodities, and technical assistance.
Kaiser Family Foundation, U.S. Federal Funding for HIV/AIDS.
Updated annually, this fact sheet provides an overview of federal funding for HIV/AIDS in the President’s Fiscal year budget request, and comparisons over time. It includes key funding highlights for domestic and global HIV/AIDS programs.
Kates J, Morrison JS, Lief E, Global Health Funding: A Glass Half Full? The Lancet 368:187–188, 2006. This article discusses G8 donor funding priorities with regard to global health.
MacKeller L, Priorities in Global Assistance for Health, AIDS, and Population. Development Review 31:293–312, 2005.
This commentary describes international assistance in health, AIDS, and population. It compares the relative funding of such areas to the global burden of disease by region.
UNAIDS collects and analyzes data on HIV/AIDS financing in low and middle income countries, including analysis of needs, funding availability, and projections.
Prevention and Treatment
Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida (ANRS), Economics of AIDS and Access to HIV/AIDS Care in Developing Countries, Issues and Challenges, 2003.
This book discusses economic issues that shape efforts to expand access to antiretroviral treatment, including patents, the price of treatments for HIV/AIDS, and financing HIV care and treatment.
AIDSinfo
AIDSinfo, a project of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), provides the latest federally approved information on HIV/AIDS clinical research, treatment and prevention, and medical practice guidelines for people living with HIV/AIDS, their families and friends, health care providers, scientists, and researchers.
BMC Public Health, Vol 9, Supplement 1, November 2009
This special supplement of the BMC focuses on The OptAIDS project, an effort to look at scenarios for halting the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It includes articles on resource allocation modeling, HIV prevention cost effectiveness, the impact of HIV on human development, factors influencing global HIV treatment procurement prices, and other topics.
Bertozzi SM, Laga M, Bautista-Arredondo S, Coutinho A, Making HIV Prevention Programmes Work, The Lancet, Volume 372, Issue 9641, September 2008.
This analysis identifies four areas that are needed to help make HIV prevention efforts more effective - improvement of targeting, selection, and delivery of prevention interventions, and optimization of funding.
Center for Global Development, Going Beyond Gender as Usual: Why and How Global HIV/AIDS Donors Can Do More for Women and Girls, August 2009. This issue brief examines how three of the biggest donors to global HIV/AIDS programs, the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund), and the World Bank’s Africa Multi-Country AIDS Program (the MAP), can go beyond their stated commitments to address gender inequality and more effectively combat HIV/AIDS. Other publications from the CGD HIV/AIDS Monitor Initiative can be found here.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Global AIDS Program (GAP) County and Regional Program Data.
The U.S. CDC provides program data and information on HIV/AIDS in the countries and regions in which the CDC’s Global AIDS Program operates.
D'Adesky A, Moving Mountains: The Race to Treat Global AIDS. London: Verso Books, July 2004.
Through field-reports from countries around the world, this book discusses the challenges of providing treatment to people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide.
Feeley F, Fight AIDS as well as the Brain Drain. The Lancet, 368:435–436, August 5, 2006. .
This commentary discusses the international shortage of professionals in poor regions of the world that have the highest burden of disease. Antiretroviral therapy, specifically for HIV-positive professionals, is also addressed.
Global HIV Prevention Working Group, Reports & Fact Sheets
The Global HIV Prevention Working Group (PWG) is an international panel that seeks to inform global policymaking, program planning, and donor decisions on HIV prevention, and advocate for a comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS that integrates prevention and care. Convened in 2002 by the Gates Foundation and the Kaiser Family Foundation, the PWG has released several reports on key issues in global HIV prevention.
Gupta GR, Parkhurst JO, Ogden JA, Aggleton P, Mahal A, Structural Approaches to HIV Prevention, The Lancet, Volume 372, Issue 9640, August 2008
This analysis defines structural factors and approaches to HIV prevention, describing the available evidence on their effectiveness and discussing methodological challenges to the assessment of these often complex efforts to reduce HIV risk and vulnerability. The authors identify core principles for implementing this kind of work and provide recommendations for ensuring the integration of structural approaches as part of combined prevention strategies.
Health Affairs, Volume 28, Number 6, November/December 2009
This thematic issue of Health Affairs focuses on global challenges and opportunities in fighting HIV/AIDS and neglected diseases. More information on the issue is available here.
HIV Insite Knowledge Base is a comprehensive, on-line textbook of HIV disease from the University of California San Francisco and San Francisco General Hospital, which includes chapters and data on HIV prevention and treatment.
JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Vol 52, Supplement 2, December 2009
This supplement of JAIDS focused on monitoring progress towards global HIV targets, and includes articles on financing the response, prevention, gender, and human rights.
The Lancet, HIV Prevention, August 2008
To coincide with the XVII International AIDS Conference, August 2008, The Lancet provided a series of articles focused on HIV prevention.
U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) The State Department’s Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator provides information and data on PEPFAR including annual reports, which detail PEPFAR’s progress to date, as well as specific information on each of the countries which PEPFAR operates.
Stover J, Bertozzi S, Gutierrez JP, Walker N, Stanecki KA, Greener R, Gouws E, Hankins C, Garnett GP, Salomon JA, Boerma JT, De Lay P, Ghys PD, The Global Impact of Scaling Up HIV/AIDS Prevention Programs in Low- and Middle-income Countries, Science 311(5766):1474–1476, March 10, 2006.
This analysis suggests that greater spending on HIV prevention would not only prevent more than half the new infections that would occur from 2005 to 2015 but would actually produce a net financial saving as future costs for treatment and care are averted.
UNAIDS Resources on Intensifying Efforts to Prevention HIV
A toolkit, guidance, reports, and other materials designed to promote the scaling up of attention and funding for HIV prevention around the world.
UNAIDS/UNICEF/WHO, Children and AIDS: Second Stocktaking Report, Action and Progress.
This report addresses the impact of HIV/AIDS on children, discussing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, pediatric treatment for HIV, prevention of infection among adolescents and young people, and the support of children affected by HIV/AIDS.
UNAIDS, Agenda for Accelerated Country Action for Women, Girls, Gender Equality and HIV (2010–2014)
UNAIDS launched this five-year action plan to address gender inequalities and human rights violations that continue to put women and girls at risk of HIV infection. It calls on the UN system to support governments, civil society and development partners in reinforcing country actions to put women and girls at the centre of the AIDS response, ensuring that their rights are protected.
WHO/UNAIDS/UNICEF, Towards Universal Access: Scaling Up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector.
The reports discuss the status of access to HIV treatment and prevention services, including testing, around the world. Key regional and country-level data on a number of access measures are included in the report.